Estimated reading time: 5 minutes
A fire piston is one of those survival tools that seems almost magical. It ignites tinder using only the heat generated by rapid air compression. No batteries, no flint, no sparks. Just a piston, a cylinder, and physics.
Not only is a fire piston incredibly useful in off-grid or emergency situations, it's also fairly easy to make with some basic materials and tools. Recently, I came across a great DIY example on the YouTube channel, jonthewoodworker. You can watch it below, but I also included written instructions.
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Materials Used in the Video
- Copper pipe: 1/2″ diameter, 5″ long
- Wooden dowel: 1/2″ diameter
- O-ring: 9/16″ outer diameter, 3/8″ inner diameter
- Solder and cap: For sealing one end of the copper pipe
- Knob: Drawer pull or similar for handling the piston
- Char cloth: As tinder
Step-by-Step Instructions
Step 1: Cut and Prepare the Pipe
- Cut a 5-inch section of 1/2″ copper pipe using a pipe cutter.
- Deburr the inside edge with a knife.
- Chamfer the inside edge slightly to help guide the piston smoothly later.
Step 2: Prepare the Piston
- Take your wooden dowel and cut a groove about 1/4 inch from one end.
- This groove will hold the O-ring. Use a small file to smooth the groove.
- Test fit the O-ring; it should be snug, but not overly tight in the pipe.
Step 3: Drill the Tinder Hole
- Use a 1/4″ drill bit to drill a small hole (about 1/4 inch deep) in the same end of the dowel, centered. This hole will hold a small piece of char cloth for ignition.
Step 4: Seal the Pipe
- Solder a copper cap onto one end of the pipe to create a sealed cylinder.
- First clean up the end, then add some flux.
- Use a torch to make the soldering clean and secure. Let it cool.
- You can optionally sand the pipe for a cleaner look.
Step 5: Cut the Piston to Length
- Insert the dowel (with O-ring removed temporarily) into the pipe.
- Mark and cut the dowel so it's just a little shorter than the pipe.
- This prevents the piston from bottoming out and damaging the char cloth ember.
Step 6: Add a Handle
- Use a screw to attach a knob or similar handle to the flat end of the dowel.
- This makes it easier to grip and quickly compress the piston into the cylinder.
How to Use a Fire Piston
- Lubricate the O-ring lightly with oil for a smooth seal.
- Insert a small piece of char cloth into the hole on the piston end.
- Push the piston partially into the cylinder, then strike it quickly and forcefully.
- Withdraw the piston — you should see a glowing ember in the char cloth.
- Carefully transfer the ember to a tinder bundle (like dry grass or birch bark).
- Blow gently to ignite the bundle into flame.
Final Thoughts
A fire piston is a fun, fascinating, and practical tool that every preparedness-minded person should try building at least once. With just a few materials, some basic tools, and some patience, you can make your own.
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